Cardiologists

the heart and kidneys are very inter-related....


Cardiovascular Risks Chronic Kidney Disease the Virtual Nephrologist

There is a close relationship between Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Proteinuria and cardiovascular disease.

The cardiovascular risks for morbidity and mortality, in patients with all forms of kidney disease, are exceptionally higher than the general public.

Cardiologists and Nephrologists usually work in a very close relationship, since the underlying risk factors the affect the vascular endothelium also damage the kidneys.






CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

What is Congestive Heart Failure, CHF?

It does not mean the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart’s pumping power is weaker than normal. With heart failure, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body’s needs. The chambers of the heart may respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming stiff and thickened. This helps to keep the blood moving, but the heart muscle walls may eventually weaken and become unable to pump as efficiently. As a result, the kidneys may respond by causing the body to retain fluid (water) and salt. If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition.

Symptoms of heart failure are often due to “congestion,” but in some cases of moderate to severe systolic heart failure, symptoms can be due to the weak heart (or weak pumping action) without the presence of “congestion.”

congestive heart failure

Types of Congestive Heart Failure, CHF:

  • Systolic Heart Failure, also known as HFrEF, Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction, occurs when the heart muscle weakens, and the heart is unable to pump or squeeze as effectively as it should. This leads to a reduced amount of blood being pumped out of the heart with each beat.

  • Diastolic Heart Failure, also known as HFpEF, Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction, on the other hand, occurs when the heart muscle becomes stiff and loses its ability to relax, making it difficult for the heart to properly fill with blood during the resting phase. Despite the heart’s ability to squeeze normally, the reduced blood flow can still cause symptoms of heart failure.

    In summary, systolic heart failure occurs when the heart does not squeeze well, while diastolic heart failure occurs when the heart cannot fill properly with blood.


congestive heart failure

Do you want to monitor yourself every day, use the CHF Zone card

CHF ZONE CARD

What Are the Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure?

You may not have any symptoms of heart failure, or the symptoms may be mild to severe. Symptoms can be constant or can come and go.

  • Congested lungs. Fluid backup in the lungs can cause shortness of breath with exercise or difficulty breathing at rest or when lying flat in bed. Lung congestion can also cause a dry, hacking cough or wheezing.

  • Fluid and water retention. Less blood to your kidneys causes fluid and water retention, resulting in swollen ankles, legs, abdomen (called edema), and weight gain. Symptoms may cause an increased need to urinate during the night. Bloating in your stomach may cause a loss of appetite or nausea.

  • Dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. Less blood to your major organs and muscles makes you feel tired and weak. Less blood to the brain can cause dizziness or confusion.

  • Rapid or irregular heartbeats. The heart beats faster to pump enough blood to the body. This can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat.






Proven medication to keep you out of the hospital and live longer as well as possibly improve the heart function
INSTRUCTIONS: ONE MEDICATION FROM EACH GROUP 1,2,3

IF African American use also GROUP 4

TO CONTROL CONGESTION SYMPTOMS, USE DIURETICS


GROUP 1: ONLY ONE MEDICATION (DO NOT MIX)

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Commonly prescribed include:
 Captopril (Capoten)
 Enalapril (Vasotec)
 Fosinopril (Monopril)
 Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
 Perindopril (Aceon)
 Quinapril (Accupril)
 Ramipril (Altace)
 Trandolapril (Mavik)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (or Inhibitors)
(Also known as ARBs or Angiotensin-2 Receptor Antagonists)
Commonly prescribed include:
 Candesartan (Atacand)
 Losartan (Cozaar)
 Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs)
ARNIs are a new drug combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and an ARB.
 Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto)

GROUP 2: ONLY ONE MEDICATION (DO NOT MIX)
Beta Blockers
(Also known as Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents)
Commonly prescribed include:
 Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
 Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
 Carvedilol (Coreg)
 Carvedilol CR (Coreg CR)

GROUP 3: ONLY ONE MEDICATION (DO NOT MIX)
Aldosterone Antagonists
Commonly prescribed include:
 Spironolactone (Aldactone)
 Eplerenone (Inspra)


GROUP 4: Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate

(specifically benefits African Americans with heart failure)

 Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (combination drug) – (Bidil)


TAKE CONTROL OF FLUID SYMPTOMS:

Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Torsemide (Demadex)
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Amiloride (Midamor)
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
Hydrochlorothiazide or HCTZ (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
Indapamide (Lozol)


TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR HEART FAILURE

Losing or maintaining your weight
Tracking your daily fluid intake
Avoiding Alcohol
Avoiding or limiting caffeine
Eating a heart-healthy diet
Being physically active
Managing stress
Monitor your blood pressure, learn to check






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